飛朵啦學習手札

圖片副檔名的介紹

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BMP
拜微軟之賜，幾乎可以說是最基本、通用的圖檔格式了。沒有什麼特異功能，
最大的優點就是在PC上相容度一流，就算不裝任何秀圖軟體，
用Windows的小畫家一樣可以看喔。

JPG
可以把檔案減到最小的格式，支援不同程度的壓縮比，您可以視情況調整壓縮倍率，
壓縮比越大，品質就越低；相反地，壓縮比越小，品質就越好；不過要注意的一點是，
這種壓縮法屬於失真型壓縮，檔案的壓縮會使得影像品質下降。
現在在WWW上常常被應用，已經是家喻戶曉的東東了。

GIF
跟JPG一樣，為WWW的常客，只支援256色而且檔案量比JPG大得多，但是卻身懷絕技，
可以使用透明色，而且可以把好幾張圖串成動畫檔。凡是WWW上有透明的、會動的，
大概都是這傢伙。製作上需軟體支援才能製作，否則做出來就只是普通圖檔了，
算是圖檔格式中比較另類的一個。

PCX
現在已經比較少用了，但是在遊戲上的應用還是相當普遍。儲存之後的檔案不算挺小，
但是有趣的是，PCX圖檔用壓縮程式壓縮時，壓縮倍率可大得很，
可以壓得很小很小，BMP、EPS圖檔也有相同特性喔。

TIF
TIF圖檔可說是做平面設計上最常使用到的，因為是屬於跨平台（PC&MAC）的格式，
交換性佳。而且支援ＣＭＹＫ色，故常用於印刷，輸出的場合。
檔案還可以包選取區的資訊，可用於圖檔的去背。此外還有一個特色就是支援LZW壓縮，
屬於不失真壓縮，也就是說不管怎麼壓縮，圖檔的品質都還能保持原來的水準。

TGA
TGA圖檔的格式是來自視訊編輯（合成）用的，最大的特點為支援α層，
也就是在圖檔中可以保留選取區的紀錄，這種特點的最大好處就是可以做出不規則形狀的圖檔，
一般圖檔皆為四方形，若您需要有圓形、菱形甚至是縷空的圖檔時，TGA可能就會派上用場了！
TGA同樣也支援壓縮，也是屬於不失真的壓縮。

PSD
如果您常用PhotoShop卻沒見過什麼PSD檔的話，那就該打屁股了！
PSD即為PhotoShop專用檔的格式，這種格式可就炫了！它支援色層、遮罩、色頻、選取區，
所有PhotoShop可以處理的屬性，它幾乎都能儲存，這樣全方位的儲存如果運用

UFO
Ulead PhotoImapct的專用檔，檔名看起來很炫吧！致力於追上Adobe的友立科技，
同樣也發展出跟PSD類似的圖檔格式，能夠完整紀錄所有PhotoImapct所處理過的屬性，
不過在紀錄原理上則有些不同，UFO以物件來代替色層。可是仔細想想，
這好像也沒有什麼好大驚小怪的，畢竟兩套軟體的使用概念本來就不同嘛！

RIF
這是Painter的原生檔，處理方式和前面兩套大同小異，都可以儲存相當多的屬性資料。
附帶一提的是，Painter可以開啟PSD檔案，而且經過Painter處理過的PSD檔案
再叫回Photoshop一樣通用。這樣您就可以利用同一檔案在PhotoShop和Painter中交換使用了。
不過有關於mask以及path的資訊還是會被轉換屬性，請注意。

CDR
這是CorelDraw的專用檔，由於CorelDraw是向量軟體，所以CDR可以記錄的資料量可以說是千奇百怪，
各物件的屬性、位置、分頁通通可以儲存，以便日後修改，在相容度上，
目前好像沒有幾套軟體可以開啟CDR的檔案，然而這也是向量軟體的通病，至於為什麼，請看這裡。

AI
AI檔為Adobe公司所制定的檔案規格，以前是給illustrator使用，因為歷史悠久，
逐漸形成為向量圖檔的共通格式。AI檔最大特色就是不花俏，沒有一些特別屬性的紀錄，
如分頁...等，事實上，老老實實地紀錄也就是相容度的絕對保證。

EPS
常跑輸出中心一定知道啥是EPS，向量圖可以轉成EPS，點陣圖也可以轉成EPS。
如果沒錯的話，EPS檔案可以同時存有點陣以及向量兩筆資料並加上一個index的影像，
故專門印用於印前作業，如排版等用途，所以一般送輸出時皆用EPS檔案，
不過向量資料型態的EPS寫檔、讀檔都相當地慢，這是比較可惜的地方。

PNG
PNG是在1 October 1996由PNG向W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)
提出並得到推薦認可的多媒體圖形格式. 相對於目前網路及PC上使用的常見圖檔
如BMP(未壓縮,檔案大), GIF(非破壞壓縮,但只能存256色以下圖檔), JPG(破壞性
壓縮, 壓縮後的圖檔與原圖不同)...PNG提供了一個將圖形檔案大小壓縮到極限以
利網路傳輸,但又能保留所有與畫像品質有關資訊的解決方案. PNG利用了當時已
知的有效演算法來儲存圖形檔案中的資訊,讓電腦美術工作者可以用最小的空間
來儲存不失真的圖檔

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